th icaac, san francisco, ca, september delmas g, perlin d, chen growth hormone vs testosterone zw and zarif l amphotericin � cochleates evaluation for the oral treatment growth hormone vs testosterone of aspergillosis in murine model, the th international symposium of controlled release of growth hormone vs testosterone bioactive materials, san diego, ca, june , pp delmas g, park s, chen growth hormone vs testosterone zw, tan f, kashiwazaki r, zarif l and perlin ds efficacy of orally growth hormone vs testosterone delivered cochleates containing amphotericin � in a murine model of aspergillosis antimicrob growth hormone vs testosterone agents chemother graybill jr, navjar l, bocanegra r, scolpino a, mannino rj and growth hormone vs testosterone zarif l a new lipid vehicle for amphotericin b, abstract, th icaac, san franscisco, ca, september, abs delmarre d, lu r, taton n, krauseelsmore s, gouldfogerite s and mannino rj cochleatemediated delivery formulation of hydrophobic drugs into 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and neiberger r tetany in a child with aids receiving intravenous tobramycin south med j keating mj, sethi mr, bodey gp and samaan growth hormone vs testosterone na hypocalcemia with hypopara thyroidism and renal tubular dysfunction associated with aminoglycoside growth hormone vs testosterone therapy cancer rrc new ed, liposomes, a practical approach, irl press, oxford university press, new york gouldfogerite s, mazurkiewicz je, raska � jr, voelkerding k, lehman jm and mannino rj gene perez o, brach g, lastre m, mora n, del campo j, gil d, zayas c, acevedo r, gonzales d, growth hormone vs testosterone lopez j, taboada � and solis rl novel adjuvant based on a proteoliposomederived growth hormone vs testosterone cochleate structure containing native polysaccharide as a pathogenassociated molecular pattern immunol cell growth hormone vs testosterone biol aerosols as drug carriers n renee labiris, andrew p bosco and myrna growth hormone vs testosterone b dolovich introduction as the end organ for the treatment of local growth hormone vs testosterone diseases or as the route of administration for systemic therapies, the lung is a very attractive target for drug delivery table the lung provides direct access to the site of disease for the treatment of respiratory illness, growth hormone vs testosterone without the inefficiencies and unwanted effects of systemic drug delivery in addition, it growth hormone vs testosterone provides an enormous surface area and a relatively low enzymatic environment for growth hormone vs testosterone the absorption of drugs to treat systemic diseases table inhaled medications have been growth hormone vs testosterone available for many years for the treatment of lung diseases inhalational delivery has been widely accepted as being the effexor and nicotine optimal route of administration of first line therapy for asthmatic and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases drug formulation plays an important role in producing an effective inhalable medication in addition to being pharmacologically active, it is important that a drug be efficiently delivered into the lungs, to the appropriate site of action and remain in the lungs growth hormone vs testosterone until the desired pharmacological effect occurs a drug designed to treat a systemic disease, such as insulin for diabetes, must be deposited in the lung periphery to ensure maximum systemic bioavailability for gene therapy, anti cancer or growth hormone vs testosterone anti infective treatment, cellular uptake and prolonged residence in the lungs of the growth hormone vs testosterone drug may be required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect thus, a growth hormone vs testosterone formulation that is retained in the lungs for the desired length of time and avoids the clearance mechanisms of the lung may be necessary the human lung contains airways and approximately million alveoli with a surface area of m, equivalent to that of a tennis court as a major port growth hormone vs testosterone of table advantages of pulmonary delivery of drugs to treat respiratory and systemic disease treatment of respiratory diseasestreatment of systemic diseases deliver high drug concentrations growth hormone vs testosterone directly to the disease site minimizes risk of systemic side effects rapid clinical growth hormone vs testosterone response bypass the barriers to therapeutic efficacy, such as poor gastrointestinal absorption and firstpass metabolism in the liver achieve a similar or superior therapeutic growth hormone vs testosterone effect at a fraction of the systemic dose for example, oral salbutamol mg growth hormone vs testosterone is therapeutically equivalent to xg by mdi a noninvasive needlefree delivery system suitable for a wide range of substances from small molecules to very large proteins enormous absorptive surface area m and a highly permeable membrane to fim thickness in the alveolar region large molecules with very low absorption rates growth hormone vs testosterone can be absorbed in significant quantities the slow mucociliary clearance in the growth hormone vs testosterone lung periphery results in prolonged residency in the lung a less harsh, low growth hormone vs testosterone enzymatic environment avoids firstpass metabolism reproducible absorption kinetics pulmonary delivery is independent of dietary complications, extracellular enzymes and interpatient metabolic differences that affect gastrointestinal absorption growth hormone vs testosterone entry, the lung has evolved to prevent the invasion of unwanted airborne particles from entering into the body airway geometry, humidity, mucociliary clearance and alveolar macrophages play a vital role in maintaining the sterility of the lung, growth hormone vs testosterone and consequently, they can be barriers to the therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled medications the size of the drug particle can play an important role in growth hormone vs testosterone avoiding the physiological barriers of the lung and targeting to the appropriate lung region fig nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from to nm studies have demonstrated that they are taken up by macrophages, cancer cells, growth hormone vs testosterone and epithelial cells their small size ensures the particles containing the active pharmacological ingredient will reach the alveolar regions however, the use of an aerosol delivery system that generates nanosized particles for inhalation, places these particles at risk of being exhaled, leaving very few drug particles to be deposited in the periphery of the lung residence time is not long enough for the particles to be deposited by sedimentation or diffusion aerosols as drug carriers diffusionseemntationinertia!